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␈↓ ↓N␈↓αDialnet Proposal␈↓ b1


␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ βHPurpose                                     ␈↓ π∞␈↓facilities␈α∞have␈α
gone␈α∞to␈α
the␈α∞expense␈α∞of␈α
joining
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓more than one network.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓This␈α⊂is␈α⊂a␈α⊂request␈α⊂for␈α⊂a␈α⊂grant␈α⊂of␈α⊂$xx,xxx␈α⊂to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓support␈α"an␈α"eighteen␈α"month␈α#study␈α"and              ␈↓ π∞␈↓We␈α⊃propose␈α⊃to␈α⊃design␈α⊃protocols␈α⊃that␈α⊃can␈α⊃be
␈↓ ↓N␈↓experimental␈α
implementation␈α
of␈α
protocols␈αthat   ␈↓ π∞␈↓implemented␈α~at␈α~any␈α≠time-shared␈α~computer
␈↓ ↓N␈↓would␈α∀permit␈α∃ARPAnet-like␈α∀facilities␈α∃to␈α∀be       ␈↓ π∞␈↓installation␈α$without␈α$joining␈α$any␈α$formal
␈↓ ↓N␈↓provided␈αto␈αany␈αtime-sharing␈αcomputer␈αsystem     ␈↓ π∞␈↓network.␈α∃ The␈α∃hardware␈α∃cost␈α∃will␈α⊗be␈α∃from
␈↓ ↓N␈↓that␈α∀implemented␈α∀them␈α∀and␈α∀equipped␈α∪itself        ␈↓ π∞␈↓$1000␈α
to␈α
$5000␈α
depending␈α
on␈α
how␈α
di≠cult␈α
it␈α
is
␈↓ ↓N␈↓with␈α∪telephone␈α∀dialing␈α∪equipment␈α∀and␈α∪data        ␈↓ π∞␈↓to␈α
connect␈αdevices␈α
to␈αthe␈α
computer.␈α There␈α
will
␈↓ ↓N␈↓sets.␈α⊂ We␈α∂call␈α⊂the␈α∂system␈α⊂Dialnet␈α⊂by␈α∂analogy,      ␈↓ π∞␈↓be␈α∃programs␈α∃to␈α∃operate␈α∃a␈α⊗telephone␈α∃dialer
␈↓ ↓N␈↓but␈α~unlike␈α~the␈α~ARPAnet,␈α~it␈α~requires␈α~no            ␈↓ π∞␈↓(rented␈α⊂from␈α⊂the␈α⊂telephone␈α⊂company)␈α⊃and␈α⊂to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓administrator to "admit" new members.       ␈↓ π∞␈↓transmit␈α
signals␈α
and␈α
information␈α∞according␈α
to
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓the␈α⊃protocols.␈α⊂ Any␈α⊃installation␈α⊂implementing
␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α∪ARPAnet␈α∀connects␈α∪about␈α∀60␈α∪computer           ␈↓ π∞␈↓the␈αprotocols␈αwill␈αbe␈αable␈αto␈αcommunicate␈αwith
␈↓ ↓N␈↓facilities␈α→supported␈α→by␈α→the␈α→Department␈α→of        ␈↓ π∞␈↓any␈α∂other.␈α∂ The␈α∂only␈α⊂disadvantage␈α∂compared
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Defense␈α∩and␈α∩allows␈α∩users␈α∩of␈α∩each␈α∩system␈α∩to         ␈↓ π∞␈↓with␈α⊃the␈α⊃ARPAnet␈α⊂will␈α⊃be␈α⊃lower␈α⊃speed␈α⊂and
␈↓ ↓N␈↓login␈αon␈αany␈αof␈αthe␈αothers,␈αallows␈αtransmission    ␈↓ π∞␈↓higher␈α⊂cost␈α⊂when␈α∂the␈α⊂volume␈α⊂of␈α∂information
␈↓ ↓N␈↓of␈α"messages␈α!between␈α"users␈α"of␈α!di≥erent            ␈↓ π∞␈↓transferred is very high.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓computers,␈α⊗and␈α⊗allows␈α⊗the␈α⊗transfer␈α⊗of␈α⊗≡les
␈↓ ↓N␈↓between␈α∂computers.␈α∞ More␈α∂generally,␈α∂it␈α∞allows    ␈↓ π∞␈↓Like␈αARPAnet,␈αDialnet␈αwill␈αbe␈αmost␈α
useful␈αto
␈↓ ↓N␈↓interaction␈α!among␈α programs␈α!in␈α di≥erent          ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓↓full␈α⊗time-sharing␈α⊗systems␈↓.␈α⊗ In␈α⊗such␈α∃systems,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓computers.                                  ␈↓ π∞␈↓each␈α∞user␈α∞has␈α∞named␈α∞disk␈α∞≡les␈α∞than␈α∂are␈α∞kept
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓in␈α∩the␈α⊃system␈α∩even␈α⊃when␈α∩he␈α⊃is␈α∩absent␈α⊃(and
␈↓ ↓N␈↓These␈α≠facilities␈α≠have␈α≠proven␈α≠valuable␈α~in         ␈↓ π∞␈↓therefore␈α∀remotely␈α∀accessible),␈α∀and␈α∃new␈α∀≡les
␈↓ ↓N␈↓permitting␈α≤collaboration␈α≥between␈α≤computer      ␈↓ π∞␈↓can␈α∃be␈α∃created␈α∃by␈α∃≡le␈α∃transfer␈α∃from␈α∃other
␈↓ ↓N␈↓scientists␈α⊃at␈α⊃di≥erent␈α⊃sites␈α⊃and␈α∩in␈α⊃permitting    ␈↓ π∞␈↓machines␈α∪and␈α∪on␈α∪receipt␈α∪of␈α∪messages.␈α∪ The
␈↓ ↓N␈↓nationwide␈α
access␈αto␈α
unique␈αfacilities␈α
likes␈αthe  ␈↓ π∞␈↓usefulness␈α∩of␈α∪the␈α∩message␈α∪facilities␈α∩normally
␈↓ ↓N␈↓MACSYMA␈α system␈α for␈α!computing␈α with               ␈↓ π∞␈↓requires␈α↔that␈α↔users␈α↔habitually␈α↔log␈α↔in␈α⊗each
␈↓ ↓N␈↓algebraic␈αand␈α
analytic␈αexpressions␈α
at␈αM.I.T.␈α
 It  ␈↓ π∞␈↓working␈α∀day␈α∀and␈α∀are␈α∀most␈α∃bene≡cial␈α∀when
␈↓ ↓N␈↓permits␈α⊂a␈α⊂new␈α∂form␈α⊂of␈α⊂publication␈α⊂in␈α∂which         ␈↓ π∞␈↓users␈α⊗have␈α⊗individual␈α⊗display␈α↔terminals␈α⊗in
␈↓ ↓N␈↓documents␈α→are␈α_kept␈α→in␈α_the␈α→computer,␈α_are           ␈↓ π∞␈↓their␈α⊗o≠ces.␈α⊗ Further␈α⊗bene≡ts␈α↔accrue␈α⊗when
␈↓ ↓N␈↓continuously␈α'updatable,␈α(are␈α'immediately        ␈↓ π∞␈↓reports␈α⊗are␈α∃normally␈α⊗prepared␈α⊗at␈α∃terminals
␈↓ ↓N␈↓accessible␈α→throughout␈α→the␈α→country,␈α→and␈α→in        ␈↓ π∞␈↓and␈α∂when␈α∂secretaries␈α∞use␈α∂terminals␈α∂for␈α∞letters
␈↓ ↓N␈↓which␈αcomments␈αfrom␈αreaders␈αare␈αaccessible␈α
to     ␈↓ π∞␈↓and␈α∞messages.␈α∂ However,␈α∞many␈α∂less␈α∞advanced
␈↓ ↓N␈↓other readers.                              ␈↓ π∞␈↓installations␈α∞have␈α∞found␈α∞the␈α∞ARPAnet␈α
useful
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓and␈α∃more␈α∃and␈α∃more␈α∃systems␈α∃are␈α∃acquiring
␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α
usefulness␈αof␈α
the␈α
ARPAnet␈αhas␈α
prompted        ␈↓ π∞␈↓economical full time-sharing capability.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓many␈α≡non-defense␈α≡installations␈α≡to␈α≡try␈α≥to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓connect␈α
to␈α
it,␈αand␈α
in␈α
some␈αcases␈α
this␈α
has␈αbeen       ␈↓ π∞␈↓While␈αwe␈αexpect␈αthat␈αthe␈α≡rst␈αusers␈αof␈αDialnet
␈↓ ↓N␈↓possible,␈α∩but␈α∩in␈α∩other␈α∩cases␈α∪the␈α∩institutional    ␈↓ π∞␈↓will␈α*be␈α*regular␈α*computer␈α+users,␈α*the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓and␈α≡nancial␈α
obstacles␈αhave␈α
been␈αinsuperable.    ␈↓ π∞␈↓corresponding␈α⊃ARPAnet␈α⊃facilities␈α⊃have␈α⊃been
␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α
main␈α
≡nancial␈α
obstacles␈α
are␈α
the␈α∞need␈α
for       ␈↓ π∞␈↓used␈α"by␈α!non␈α"computer␈α"people,␈α!Dialnet
␈↓ ↓N␈↓a␈α⊃dedicated␈α⊂computer␈α⊃called␈α⊂an␈α⊃IMP␈α⊂costing        ␈↓ π∞␈↓protocols␈α⊂will␈α∂not␈α⊂require␈α∂ability␈α⊂to␈α∂program,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓about␈α⊂$80,000␈α⊂at␈α⊂each␈α⊂site␈α⊂and␈α⊂the␈α⊃need␈α⊂for         ␈↓ π∞␈↓and␈α∀we␈α∀expect␈α∪increasing␈α∀use␈α∀by␈α∀others␈α∪as
␈↓ ↓N␈↓dedicated␈αcommunication␈αlines␈αrented␈αby␈αDoD      ␈↓ π∞␈↓terminals become more widespread.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓at␈α'great␈α'expense␈α'from␈α'the␈α&telephone
␈↓ ↓N␈↓companies.␈α
 Other␈αnetworks␈α
have␈αbeen␈α
started,    ␈↓ π∞␈↓In␈α⊃order␈α⊃to␈α⊂make␈α⊃the␈α⊃picture␈α⊃more␈α⊂concrete,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓but␈α∩they␈α∩all␈α⊃have␈α∩problems␈α∩of␈α∩expense␈α⊃and          ␈↓ π∞␈↓here is a scenario of the use of the system:
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓↓also␈α
of␈α
deciding␈α
who␈α
should␈α
be␈α
on␈α∞them␈↓.␈α
 Some
␈↓ ↓N␈↓αDialnet Proposal␈↓ `2


␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ βEScenario                                    ␈↓ π∞␈↓Let␈α⊂us␈α⊂suppose,␈α⊂however,␈α⊂that␈α⊂DAVE␈α⊂is␈α⊂not
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓logged␈α⊂in␈α∂and␈α⊂the␈α∂caller␈α⊂is␈α∂so␈α⊂informed.␈α∂ He
␈↓ ↓N␈↓A user named Smith types on his terminal    ␈↓ π∞␈↓then types
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ ↓nmail Organik                                ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.locate dave@utex-chem3
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ ↓nDo you have any active work there on        ␈↓ π∞␈↓which␈α
obtains␈αthe␈α
following␈α
information␈αfrom
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ ↓nhuman red cell carbonic anhydrase B?        ␈↓ π∞␈↓the speci≡ed computer:
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.David Piranha last logged out at
␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α_system␈α_looks␈α_up␈α_Organik␈α_in␈α↔Smith's            ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.23:47 on 9 May 1976.  Plan: I will
␈↓ ↓N␈↓correspondent␈α≠≡le␈α≤and␈α≠discovers␈α≤that␈α≠his         ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.be out of touch May 10 through 16.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓computer␈αpseudonym␈αis␈α"NAT"␈αat␈α
a␈αcomputer         ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.I plan to visit Martin Shumway at
␈↓ ↓N␈↓called␈α∞UTEX-CHEM1␈α∞that␈α∞is␈α∞reached␈α∞at␈α
512          ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.the University of Utah on May 17 and
␈↓ ↓N␈↓471-3221␈α∀via␈α∀a␈α∀1200/150␈α∀baud␈α∀asychronous         ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.should return by May 18.  Will check
␈↓ ↓N␈↓modem.␈α∀ It␈α∀selects␈α∀an␈α∀outgoing␈α∀line␈α∀with␈α∪a         ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.mail from Utah.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓matching␈α≤modem,␈α≤dials␈α≤the␈α≥number␈α≤and
␈↓ ↓N␈↓attempts␈α→to␈α→transmit␈α→the␈α→message.␈α~ If␈α→the         ␈↓ π∞␈↓Noting␈α
that␈α
the␈α
current␈α
date␈α
is␈α
May␈α
14,␈αso␈α
that
␈↓ ↓N␈↓transmitting␈α
computer␈α
cannot␈α
elicit␈α
a␈αresponse   ␈↓ π∞␈↓there␈α
is␈α
no␈α
point␈α
in␈α
getting␈α
the␈α
message␈α
there
␈↓ ↓N␈↓from␈αthe␈α
desired␈αrecipient,␈α
it␈αinforms␈α
the␈αuser    ␈↓ π∞␈↓quickly, Smith types
␈↓ ↓N␈↓that␈α⊃it␈α∩will␈α⊃try␈α∩again␈α⊃later␈α∩and␈α⊃send␈α∩him␈α⊃a          ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.night mail dave@utex-chem3
␈↓ ↓N␈↓message␈αwhen␈α
the␈αtransmission␈α
has␈αsucceeded.     ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.I am interested in your work on
␈↓ ↓N␈↓If␈αthe␈αuser's␈αcorrespondent␈α≡le␈αdid␈αnot␈αcontain    ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.anhydrase B.  If possible, give
␈↓ ↓N␈↓the␈α7telepone␈α7number␈α8and␈α7modem                   ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.pointers to online documentation,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓characteristics,␈α∞the␈α
user␈α∞would␈α
have␈α∞to␈α
supply    ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.else give me a call at 415 497-4430
␈↓ ↓N␈↓them.                                       ␈↓ π∞␈↓β␈↓ π.(Stanford) or 415 321-7580 (home).
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓The␈α"night␈α
mail"␈αcommand␈α
causes␈αthe␈α
message
␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α⊂identity␈α⊂and␈α∂location␈α⊂of␈α⊂the␈α⊂sender␈α∂and        ␈↓ π∞␈↓transmission␈α∂to␈α∞be␈α∂deferred␈α∂until␈α∞inexpensive
␈↓ ↓N␈↓date␈α
and␈α
time␈αof␈α
the␈α
message␈αare␈α
automatically     ␈↓ π∞␈↓nighttime telephone rates are in force.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓placed␈α∩at␈α⊃the␈α∩front␈α∩of␈α⊃the␈α∩message.␈α∩ At␈α⊃the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓receiving␈αend,␈αif␈αthe␈αaddressee␈αis␈αlogged␈αin␈αon     ␈↓ π∞␈↓Additional␈α⊂capabilities␈α⊃of␈α⊂the␈α⊃Dialnet␈α⊂system
␈↓ ↓N␈↓the␈αcomputer,␈αhe␈αis␈αimmediately␈αinformed␈αthat     ␈↓ π∞␈↓can␈α
be␈α
used␈α
to␈α
follow␈α
up␈α
on␈α
the␈α
above␈α
inquiry,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓mail␈α∃has␈α∃arrived␈α∀and␈α∃from␈α∃whom.␈α∃ If␈α∀not            ␈↓ π∞␈↓as follows.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓logged␈αin,␈αhe␈αwill␈αreceive␈αthe␈αmessage␈αthe␈αnext
␈↓ ↓N␈↓time␈αhe␈αlogs␈αin.␈α In␈αeither␈αcase,␈αhe␈αcan␈αuse␈αthe      ␈↓ π∞␈↓⊗ The ability to access remote text ≡les will be
␈↓ ↓N␈↓same facility to respond:                   ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π.provided (with permission of the owners
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ ↓nmail Smith                                  ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π.required, of course).  This interactive
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ ↓nDavid Piranha (DAVE@UTEX-CHEM3) has         ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π.reading facility will include the addition of
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ ↓na student working on inhibition by          ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π."footnotes" to various parts of the text.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ ↓nanions of anhydrase B.                      ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π.These footnotes may be declared private
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π.(i.e. belonging to the reader) or public
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Following up on this lead, the user types   ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π.(available to the author and possibly
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ ↓nlink dave@utex-chem3                        ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π.others).

␈↓ ↓N␈↓A␈α∨connection␈α is␈α∨made␈α∨to␈α the␈α∨speci≡ed              ␈↓ π∞␈↓⊗ It will be possible to run programs on a
␈↓ ↓N␈↓computer␈α⊗and,␈α⊗if␈α↔DAVE␈α⊗is␈α⊗logged␈α↔in,␈α⊗he             ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π.remote computer, permitting experiments
␈↓ ↓N␈↓immediately receives a message saying       ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π.with programs developed in other places.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ ↓n** Link request from Smith @SU-CHEM7        ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π.This facility will permit the sharing of
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ ↓n**                                          ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π.unique specialized capabilities over a
␈↓ ↓N␈↓He␈α⊗could␈α⊗then␈α⊗type␈α⊗"␈↓βlink␈↓"␈α⊗and␈α↔have␈α⊗his             ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π.geographically distributed population.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓keyboard␈α_and␈α_display␈α_e≥ectively␈α_linked␈α↔to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓those of the caller, permitting a conversation.␈↓ π∞␈↓⊗ File transfers will be permitted, with suitable
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ π.error detection and correction features, to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓αDialnet Proposal␈↓ `3


␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓npermit sharing of data.  The                ␈↓ π∞␈↓one␈αprogram␈αmay␈αsend␈αanother␈αin␈αcases␈αwhere
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓ncommunication protocol should be able to    ␈↓ π∞␈↓the␈αtwo␈αprograms␈αare␈αnot␈αwritten␈αtogether,␈αbut
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓nadapt to a wide range of noise conditions   ␈↓ π∞␈↓each␈α⊂must␈α⊂know␈α⊂a␈α⊂certain␈α⊂"public"␈α∂language.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ ↓non phone lines.                             ␈↓ π∞␈↓Thus␈α↔we␈α↔will␈α_attempt␈α↔to␈α↔make␈α_a␈α↔general
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓format␈α⊂for␈α∂requests,␈α⊂questions,␈α⊂and␈α∂assertions
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ β@Protocols                                   ␈↓ π∞␈↓suitable␈α∞for␈α
communication␈α∞between␈α
computer
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓programs.␈α⊃ We␈α⊃will␈α⊃study␈α⊃how␈α⊃to␈α∩make␈α⊃this
␈↓ ↓N␈↓In␈α∃order␈α∃to␈α∃make␈α∃these␈α∃facilities␈α∃available,      ␈↓ π∞␈↓mesh␈α⊃with␈α⊃communication␈α⊃between␈α⊃computer
␈↓ ↓N␈↓suitable␈α
protocols␈α
must␈α
be␈α
designed,␈α
and␈αin␈α
the    ␈↓ π∞␈↓programs and people.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓course␈αof␈αthis,␈αa␈αnumber␈αof␈αtechnical␈αproblems
␈↓ ↓N␈↓have␈α_to␈α_be␈α_solved.␈α_ Besides␈α_the␈α_protocols         ␈↓ π∞␈↓α␈↓ λVResearch Issues 
␈↓ ↓N␈↓themselves,␈α_which␈α_are␈α_communication␈α_data
␈↓ ↓N␈↓structures,␈αthere␈α
will␈αbe␈α
a␈αrecommended␈α
set␈αof     ␈↓ π∞␈↓There␈α
are␈αmany␈α
research␈αissues,␈α
and␈α
we␈αdon't
␈↓ ↓N␈↓terminal-level␈α5commands␈α5with␈α4syntax            ␈↓ π∞␈↓expect␈α⊃to␈α⊂settle␈α⊃all␈α⊂of␈α⊃them␈α⊂in␈α⊃the␈α⊃time␈α⊂and
␈↓ ↓N␈↓prompting and standard error messages.      ␈↓ π∞␈↓with␈α∞the␈α∞resources␈α∞requested␈α∞in␈α∞this␈α∞proposal.
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓Since␈α∩we␈α⊃expect␈α∩many␈α∩of␈α⊃the␈α∩issues␈α∩will␈α⊃be
␈↓ ↓N␈↓We␈α∩believe␈α∩that␈α∩we␈α∩have␈α∩the␈α∩experience␈α∩to          ␈↓ π∞␈↓clari≡ed␈α
by␈αthe␈α
initial␈αimplementation,␈α
we␈αwill
␈↓ ↓N␈↓produce␈α
a␈α∞set␈α
of␈α∞workable␈α
protocols,␈α∞and␈α
that      ␈↓ π∞␈↓concentrate␈α≥on␈α≡getting␈α≥a␈α≡reasonable␈α≥≡rst
␈↓ ↓N␈↓it␈α∩is␈α∪better␈α∩to␈α∪start␈α∩with␈α∪an␈α∩implementation       ␈↓ π∞␈↓implementation into experimental use.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓than␈α∃to␈α⊗standardize␈α∃something␈α⊗that␈α∃doesn't
␈↓ ↓N␈↓exist.␈α The␈α
latter␈αprocedure␈α
in␈αrecent␈αyears␈α
has   ␈↓ π∞␈↓Here are some of the issues we will study:
␈↓ ↓N␈↓led␈α∀to␈α∀gold-plating␈α∀the␈α∀requirements␈α∃to␈α∀the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓extent that the standard is not implementable.␈↓ π∞␈↓1.␈αWhat␈αerror␈αcorrection␈αfacilities␈αare␈αrequired
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓to␈α⊂make␈α⊂up␈α⊃for␈α⊂the␈α⊂de≡ciencies␈α⊃of␈α⊂telephone
␈↓ ↓N␈↓We␈α≤propose␈α≤to␈α≤devise␈α≥suitable␈α≤protocols,         ␈↓ π∞␈↓lines?
␈↓ ↓N␈↓publish␈α⊂them,␈α∂and␈α⊂attempt␈α∂to␈α⊂convince␈α∂other
␈↓ ↓N␈↓installations␈α to␈α∨implement␈α them.␈α∨ Almost        ␈↓ π∞␈↓2.␈α∂What␈α∂is␈α∂the␈α∂minimal␈α∂necessary␈α∂burden␈α∂on
␈↓ ↓N␈↓certainly,␈α↔initial␈α_experience␈α↔will␈α_produce␈α↔a     ␈↓ π∞␈↓the␈α∩time-sharing␈α∩computers␈α∩carrying␈α∩out␈α∩the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓requirement␈α∂for␈α∞changes,␈α∂and␈α∞standardization    ␈↓ π∞␈↓communication?␈α& What␈α&is␈α&the␈α%trade-o≥
␈↓ ↓N␈↓committees␈αwill␈αbe␈αformed␈αand␈αset␈αto␈αwork.␈α A       ␈↓ π∞␈↓between bu≥er size and compute time?
␈↓ ↓N␈↓likely␈αforum␈α
for␈αa␈α
standardization␈αe≥ort␈α
would
␈↓ ↓N␈↓be␈α≤through␈α≤the␈α≤ACM␈α≤to␈α≥the␈α≤American                ␈↓ π∞␈↓3.␈α
Can␈αdial-up␈α
telephone␈α
communication␈αrates
␈↓ ↓N␈↓National Standards Committee.               ␈↓ π∞␈↓meet␈α∀most␈α∀of␈α∀the␈α∀needs␈α∀for␈α∀communication
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓between␈α≥computers␈α≥belonging␈α≡to␈α≥di≥erent
␈↓ ↓N␈↓We␈α$propose␈α$to␈α$allow␈α$interaction␈α#with             ␈↓ π∞␈↓research organizations?
␈↓ ↓N␈↓ARPAnet␈α→sites␈α_via␈α→TIPs␈α_and␈α→propose␈α_to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓discuss␈α⊃with␈α∩ARPA␈α⊃and␈α⊃DCA␈α∩whether␈α⊃this            ␈↓ π∞␈↓4.␈α
What␈αis␈α
the␈αbest␈α
way␈α
to␈αhandle␈α
the␈αfact␈α
that
␈↓ ↓N␈↓will be allowed.                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓di≥erent␈α∞modem␈α∞speeds␈α∞have␈α∞di≥erent␈α
prices?
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓Should␈αone␈αstrive␈αfor␈αa␈αstandard␈αspeed␈αor␈αcan
␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α⊃most␈α⊃general␈α⊃use␈α⊃of␈α⊃Dialnet␈α⊃involves␈α⊃a         ␈↓ π∞␈↓a␈α⊃wide␈α⊃variety␈α⊃be␈α⊃easily␈α∩accomodated?␈α⊃ Will
␈↓ ↓N␈↓program␈α∩in␈α∪one␈α∩computer␈α∩"waking␈α∪up"␈α∩and           ␈↓ π∞␈↓bu≥er␈α∪computers␈α∀that␈α∪(for␈α∪a␈α∀price)␈α∪mediate
␈↓ ↓N␈↓interacting␈α!with␈α!a␈α!program␈α!in␈α another            ␈↓ π∞␈↓between␈α"installations␈α"of␈α"di≥erent␈α"speeds
␈↓ ↓N␈↓machine.␈α
 Dialnet␈α
protocols␈α
will␈αhandle␈α
human    ␈↓ π∞␈↓develop?
␈↓ ↓N␈↓messages␈α∃as␈α∃a␈α∃subcase␈α∃of␈α∃this,␈α⊗taking␈α∃into
␈↓ ↓N␈↓account␈αthe␈αfact␈αthat␈αthe␈αsubcase␈αwill␈αhave␈αthe     ␈↓ π∞␈↓5.␈α_How␈α_will␈α_the␈α→improved␈α_communication
␈↓ ↓N␈↓most␈α∃application␈α∃for␈α⊗a␈α∃long␈α∃time␈α⊗to␈α∃come.          ␈↓ π∞␈↓a≥ect␈α∩research?␈α∩ Since␈α∩changes␈α∩will␈α∩be␈α∩slow,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Messages␈α∩about␈α∪where␈α∩to␈α∩deliver␈α∪a␈α∩message         ␈↓ π∞␈↓how␈α
can␈α∞we␈α
tell␈α
as␈α∞early␈α
as␈α
possible␈α∞what␈α
the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓sent␈α
by␈α
one␈α
time-sharing␈α
system␈α
to␈α
another␈α
will    ␈↓ π∞␈↓e≥ects will be?
␈↓ ↓N␈↓be␈α∂handled␈α∂as␈α∂a␈α∂special␈α∂sort␈α∂of␈α⊂message␈α∂that
␈↓ ↓N␈↓αDialnet Proposal␈↓ ]4


␈↓ ↓N␈↓6.␈α∞What␈α∞style␈α∞of␈α∞interaction␈α∞is␈α∂convenient␈α∞for
␈↓ ↓N␈↓both␈α↔experienced␈α↔and␈α_inexperienced␈α↔users?
␈↓ ↓N␈↓How␈α∩can␈α⊃communication␈α∩programs␈α∩be␈α⊃made
␈↓ ↓N␈↓self-teaching without being cumbersome?

␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ β≡Research Plan 

␈↓ ↓N␈↓We␈αplan␈αto␈αundertake␈αthis␈αproject␈αwith␈αrather
␈↓ ↓N␈↓modest␈α∩sta≠ng:␈α∩one␈α⊃graduate␈α∩student␈α∩and␈α⊃a
␈↓ ↓N␈↓half-time␈α≤programmer␈α≤working␈α≤under␈α≤the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓supervision␈α≤of␈α≤Professor␈α≤John␈α≤McCarthy.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Initial␈α⊗emphasis␈α⊗will␈α⊗be␈α⊗on␈α⊗designing␈α⊗and
␈↓ ↓N␈↓implementing␈α≤experimental␈α≤protocols␈α≠using
␈↓ ↓N␈↓existing␈α∪computer␈α∪facilities.␈α∪ We␈α∪expect␈α∪this
␈↓ ↓N␈↓initial␈α∩development␈α∩phase␈α∩will␈α∩take␈α∩about␈α∩6
␈↓ ↓N␈↓months.

␈↓ ↓N␈↓Once␈α
a␈α
working␈α
set␈α
of␈α
protocols␈α
is␈α
developed,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓an␈α'inter-center␈α'implementation␈α'will␈α'be
␈↓ ↓N␈↓undertaken␈α∪in␈α∪cooperation␈α∪with␈α∪one␈α∪or␈α∩two
␈↓ ↓N␈↓other␈α_university␈α_research␈α_groups.␈α_ From␈α_a
␈↓ ↓N␈↓programming␈α⊂e≠ciency␈α⊃standpoint,␈α⊂it␈α⊃will␈α⊂be
␈↓ ↓N␈↓preferable␈α⊃to␈α⊃work␈α⊂with␈α⊃sites␈α⊃having␈α⊂similar
␈↓ ↓N␈↓equipment.␈α_ We␈α_will␈α_provide␈α_assistance␈α↔to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓cooperating␈α∪groups␈α∩in␈α∪getting␈α∪their␈α∩versions
␈↓ ↓N␈↓running.

␈↓ ↓N␈↓In␈α∂the␈α∂following␈α∂six␈α∂months,␈α∂we␈α∂plan␈α⊂to␈α∂test,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓evaluate,␈α∪and␈α∩modify␈α∪the␈α∪protocols.␈α∩ During
␈↓ ↓N␈↓the␈α⊗latter␈α∃part␈α⊗of␈α∃this␈α⊗period,␈α∃we␈α⊗plan␈α∃to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓publish␈α-the␈α-protocols␈α-and␈α,encourage
␈↓ ↓N␈↓additional␈α$groups␈α$to␈α$join␈α$the␈α$Dialnet
␈↓ ↓N␈↓community.

␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ β5References

␈↓ ↓N␈↓[1] Rubin, Je≥, ␈↓αComputer Communication
␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ αNvia the Dial-up Network␈↓, ␈↓↓Minutes
␈↓ ↓N␈↓↓␈↓ αNof the DECsystem-10 Spring-75
␈↓ ↓N␈↓↓␈↓ αNDECUS Meeting␈↓, Digital Equipment
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ αNComputer Users Society, Maynard,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓␈↓ αNMass., 1975.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓αDialnet Proposal␈↓ ←5


␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ α¬APPENDIX A.  Relevant Experience            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.Corporation PDP-10 (KL-10 and
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.KA-10) and PDP-6.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α=Stanford␈α=Arti≡cial␈α=Intelligence
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Laboratory␈α,has␈α,been␈α,active␈α,in␈α+the                ␈↓ π∞␈↓Primary store: 512k words (36 bit) of 1 to 1.6
␈↓ ↓N␈↓development␈α_of␈α_remote␈α_terminal␈α→and␈α_data          ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.microsecond core (DEC and
␈↓ ↓N␈↓communication␈αsystems␈αfor␈αa␈αnumber␈αof␈αyears.      ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.Ampex)
␈↓ ↓N␈↓SAIL␈α≡sta≥␈α≡members␈α≡participated␈α≡in␈α≥the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓planning␈α↔of␈α↔the␈α↔ARPA␈α↔Network␈α↔and␈α↔the              ␈↓ π∞␈↓Swapping store: Librascope disk (5 million
␈↓ ↓N␈↓SAIL␈α⊗computer␈α↔facility␈α⊗(Appendix␈α↔B)␈α⊗was          ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.words).
␈↓ ↓N␈↓among␈α∨the␈α≡early␈α∨systems␈α≡in␈α∨which␈α≡the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓ARPAnet␈α∀protocol␈α∀was␈α∃implemented␈α∀(1972).        ␈↓ π∞␈↓File store: Ampex disc ≡le (3330-11 type), 6
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Many␈α⊂of␈α⊂the␈α⊃capabilities␈α⊂that␈α⊂we␈α⊃propose␈α⊂to        ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.spindles (capacity: 7.8 x 10␈↓∧9␈↓ bits).
␈↓ ↓N␈↓make␈α∞available␈α
through␈α∞Dialnet␈α∞are␈α
available
␈↓ ↓N␈↓in␈α∪some␈α∪form␈α∪in␈α∪the␈α∪ARPAnet.␈α∀ A␈α∪similar            ␈↓ π∞␈↓Peripherals: 4 Dectape drives, 2 mag tape
␈↓ ↓N␈↓capability␈α⊃has␈α⊃been␈α⊂developed␈α⊃over␈α⊃a␈α⊂leased       ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.drives (7 channel), line printer,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓telephone␈αline␈αbetween␈αSAIL␈αand␈αthe␈αInstitute     ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.Calcomp plotter, Xerox Graphics
␈↓ ↓N␈↓for␈α Mathematical␈α Studies␈α in␈α the␈α∨Social           ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.Printer
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Sciences,␈α∀located␈α∀several␈α∪miles␈α∀away␈α∀on␈α∪the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Stanford campus.                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓Terminals: 58 Data Disc displays, 6 III
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.displays, 4 IMLAC displays, 10
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Since␈α∞1974,␈α∞the␈α∞SAIL␈α∞timesharing␈α∞system␈α∞has       ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.Datamedia displays, 15 Teletype
␈↓ ↓N␈↓been␈α∂≡tted␈α⊂with␈α∂automatic␈α⊂dialing␈α∂equipment      ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.terminals, 5 TI terminals
␈↓ ↓N␈↓in␈α↔conjunction␈α↔with␈α↔Dataphone␈α↔service,␈α↔to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓permit␈α?␈α6computer-initiated␈α?␈α5data                ␈↓ π∞␈↓Realtime processors: DEC PDP-11/45 and
␈↓ ↓N␈↓communications␈α∩with␈α∩other␈α∩computers.␈α⊃ This      ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.SPS-41 with 8k words (16 bit) of
␈↓ ↓N␈↓permits␈α∪the␈α∪SAIL␈α∩computer␈α∪to␈α∪simulate␈α∩the         ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.core and 197k words of Intel
␈↓ ↓N␈↓functions␈α∂of␈α⊂teletypewriter␈α∂terminals,␈α∂so␈α⊂as␈α∂to   ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.MOS memory.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓access␈α⊗programs␈α⊗and␈α⊗data␈α⊗≡les␈α⊗in␈α∃external
␈↓ ↓N␈↓machines.␈α; This␈α;is␈α;the␈α;principal                ␈↓ π∞␈↓Communications processor: BBN IMP
␈↓ ↓N␈↓communication␈α(technique␈α(that␈α)will␈α(be            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.(Honeywell DDP-516) connected
␈↓ ↓N␈↓employed␈α∩in␈α∪Dialnet,␈α∩although␈α∪the␈α∩protocols      ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.to the ARPA Network.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓will␈α∂be␈α∂substantially␈α∂di≥erent␈α∂for␈α∂the␈α∂sake␈α∂of
␈↓ ↓N␈↓e≠ciency and reliability.                   ␈↓ π∞␈↓Special equipment: Audio input and output
                                            ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.systems, hand-eye equipment (4
␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α
general␈α
problem␈α
of␈α
utilizing␈α
dial␈α
networks    ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.TV cameras, 2 arms), remote-
␈↓ ↓N␈↓for␈α∂computer␈α∂communication␈α∂has␈α⊂been␈α∂under        ␈↓ π∞␈↓␈↓ λ.controlled cart.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓study␈α∩in␈α∩the␈α∩Laboratory␈α∩for␈α∩some␈α∩time␈α⊃(e.g.
␈↓ ↓N␈↓[1]).

␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ αSAPPENDIX B.  Facilities 

␈↓ ↓N␈↓The␈α≡computer␈α≡facilities␈α≡of␈α≡the␈α≡Stanford
␈↓ ↓N␈↓Arti≡cial␈α∩Intelligence␈α∩Laboratory␈α∪include␈α∩the
␈↓ ↓N␈↓following␈α⊗equipment,␈α↔most␈α⊗of␈α↔it␈α⊗purchased
␈↓ ↓N␈↓with␈α⊗U.S.␈α⊗Government␈α⊗research␈α⊗funds.␈α∃ At
␈↓ ↓N␈↓present,␈α∀we␈α∀do␈α∀not␈α∀anticipate␈α∀the␈α∀need␈α∀for
␈↓ ↓N␈↓additional equipment to support this proposal.

␈↓ ↓N␈↓Central processors: Digital Equipment
␈↓ ↓N␈↓αDialnet Proposal␈↓ `6


␈↓ ↓N␈↓α␈↓ ¬AAPPENDIX C.  Budget 

␈↓ ↓N␈↓Eighteen months beginning 1 January 1977.  Estimated salary increase is 6% in second period.

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn                                1 Jul.'76 to       1 Jul.'77 to
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn                                30 Jun.'77         31 Dec.'77
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αnA. SALARIES AND WAGES

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn   1.Senior Personnel
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn     Professor John McCarthy
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn     Principal Investigator      - - -                - - -

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn   2..Other Personnel

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn      a.Programmer
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn        Martin Frost (50%)       6,150                3,260

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn      b.Student Research Asst.   6,003                3,182
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn        Acad. yr. 50%, Sum. 100%

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn      c.Support Personnel

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn        Secretary (10%)          1,423                  754
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn                                ______               ______

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn      Total Salaries and Wages  13,576                7,196


␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αnB. STAFF BENEFITS                2,488                1,410
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn   9/1/75 to 8/31/76:16%
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn   9/1/76 to 8/31/77:18.8%
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn   9/1/77 to 8/31/78:20%         ______               ______

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αnC. TOTAL SALARIES, WAGES,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn   AND STAFF BENEFITS            16,064                8,606


␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αnD. EXPENDABLE SUPPLIES              300                  150
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn   & EQUIPMENT(e.g., copying,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn   office supplies,postage,
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn   freight,consulting,honoraria)

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αnE. TRAVEL                         1,300                  700

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αnF. PUBLICATIONS                     500                  500

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αnG. OTHER COSTS
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn   Telephone                        200                  100
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn                                 ______               ______

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αnH. TOTAL COSTS (A through G)     18,364               10,056
␈↓ ↓N␈↓αDialnet Proposal␈↓ `7


␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αnI. INDIRECT COSTS (A through G)  10,590                5,832
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn 56% through 8/31/76, then 58%   ______               ______

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αnJ. TOTAL COSTS                   28,954               15,888
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn                                                      ______
␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αn                                                      ______

␈↓ ↓N␈↓β␈↓ αnTotal Budget (eighteen months)                       $44,842

␈↓ ↓N␈↓¬The source file of this document is DIALNE.PRO[E76,JMC]@SU-AI.